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Wednesday, May 4, 2016

Understanding Ramanujan's Magic Square & Creating your own Magic square

Few days back I watched the trailer of "The Man who knew Infinity" a film about Ramanujan, Greatest Indian Mathematician. It was a wonderful trailer and a movie worth watching. Search for Ramanujan you would find internet is full of Ramanujan's Magic Square. 

Srinivasa Ramanujan was born on 22nd Dec 1887.  The two digit numbers from his date of birth are 22, 12, 18, 87.
Using these numbers from his date  of birth Ramanujan created a wonderful square which, when you add four digits  diagonally, horizontally, vertically and different way would give you 139.


 

Now is there a pattern to this square?
 Looking at the square closely you will find that it has some pattern. If you consider the first row, It is Ramanujan's birth day in dd mm cc yy pattern. ie 22th day Dec month 18 Century 87th year. 
Rest of the numbers are close numbers (consecutive numbers) of 22, 12, 18 and 87 

The square is filled with unique numbers
Some of them are consecutive numbers
for example the numbers are 
  • 22,23,24,25           for 22 
  • 9,10,11,12               for 12 
  • 16,17,18,19,            for 18
  • 86,87,88,89           for 87

If I consider 22=a, 12=b, 18=c, 87=d then I have this square as
  • a, a+1, a+2, a+3
  • b-3, b-2, b-1, b 
  • c-2, c-1, c, c+1
  • d-1,d, d+1, d+2

I place this in a square, it looks like below and some lucky ones like Ramanujan can create thier own magic square.

For example if your birth day is say 28th Nov 1948 your magic square will be
 
Why only lucky few? 
Ramanujan's Magic square is based on the birth day digits.
For those born in Jan, Feb, March the square will go into negative numbers.

For those who are born in other months, but if the day is closer to century or to month or to year (for example 19th century, day between 14 to 20) will result in negative or zero numbers or non distint numbers, distorting the magic square.

For those who are born in 2000, 2001 or 1900, 1901 too the magic square distorts.
 
Who are the lucky few?
The person who is born after March, whose day is more than one more than century. 

Note: Some of these too will have non unique numbers when their date, month, century, year are too close (closer by 3)

Are you the lucky one? Do you have the magic square? 
Above are some quick observations. So try out with your date of birth to see if you have a magic square. 

Oh I dont have a magic square?
Actual magic square is based on distinct integer numbers. So that includes negative numbers too.

Unfortunately those born with number (Day, month, century, year) too close, you will not have a magic square.
 

What is its basis?
In Mathematics there is something called "Magic Square". 
Magic square is  an arrangement of distinct numbers (i.e., each number is used once), usually integers, in a square grid, where the numbers in each row, and in each column, and the numbers in the main and secondary diagonals, all add up to the same number.

The sum of every row, column and diagonal is called the magic constant or magic sum, M. Every magic square has a constant dependent on n order of square, calculated by the formula M = [n(n2 + 1)] / 2. For magic squares of order n = 3 squares, 4 squares, 5 squares, 6 squares, 7 squares, and 8 squares, the magic constants are, respectively: 15, 34, 65, 111, 175, and 260  
Ramanujan's Magic square is n=4 (4 squares) , but the squares are not fill with digits from 1 to 16 but with two digit from date of birth.

The original Magic square of order n filled with 1 to 16 digits would be  
 
 Ramanujan's magic constant is [n(n2 + 1)] / 2 + K
where K is (dd-1) + (mm-15) + (cc-14) + (yy-4)